12^th World Congress on Biopolymers and Biomaterials November 09-10, 2020 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Bio-materials used for biomedical applications and soft tissue regeneration as well as in various medical instruments. In day-to-day medical field bio-materials demand is increased. This biomaterials involves not only synthetic materials like (ceramics composites metals and polymers) but also biological materials proteins cells and tissues. These materials are designed in a way to avoid biological rejection and small interaction with biology of host. Biomaterials have a high mechanical strength and ability to go through the biodegradation over a period of time. Bio materials design to interact with biological systems for a wide range of applications. Bio medical applications of such biomaterial systems depend on their macromolecular structure, their interactions with living cells and cytocompatibility. Bio materials have been developed both from natural and man-made resources.

Smart materials are used to design the smart structures, which can perform both sensing and actuation functions. Functional materials  to make  multi-functional composites.Organic functional polymers can be used in smart materials, chemical delivery of systems, component of sensors, and the active layer of solar cells. Smart materials technology allows us to adapt the environmental changes by activating its responsibility. The analytical design and adjustment of the smart materials their chemical structure has enable to control over their properties and also morphology leading to the advancement of Nanotechnology. Smart materials are measured in terms of their “reactiveness” to environmental stimuli and their activity. The major difference between ordinary materials and smart materials can be demonstrated through the positive temperature coefficient resistant materials.

Nanocomposites consist of polymer or copolymer having a Nano particles arranged in the polymer matrix. The transition from micro to Nano particles modification results in physical and chemical properties. This technology mainly used in adhesives, coatings. Nanoparticle fillers such as betonies, Nano-sized silica particles has led to the development of products which enhances the thermal stability, chemical or water resistance to wear transparency thermal conductivity and high tensile strength. The transitions comes from micro to Nano-particles these lead to change in its physical and as well as chemical properties. Two of the major factors in these are the increase in the ratio of the surface, area to volume, and the size of the particle. The particle size varies from 1-50nm.

Biodegradable polymers mainly refer to plastics those are brittle or break down in nature. Biodegradable and  renewable materials derived from Organic products like poly lactic acid. These are used mainly in the production of drugs; manufacturing of bottles. In industry use for the purpose of packing, medicine, pharmaceuticals. Bio degradable polymers increase their interest in upcoming days. It can be distinguished in two classes those are synthetic and natural polymers these are associated with living organisms. Polymers produced from non-renewable resources like petroleum resources. All biodegradable polymers should be stable and hard-wearing enough for use in their particular application, but polymer disposal happen they should easily break down; specifically biodegradable polymers have very strong carbon backbones that are difficult to break, such that degradation often starts from the end-groups.

Environmental issues mainly causes due to the excessive usage of the natural resources and as well as industries which leads to excessive of pollution and cause diseases. For this purpose scientists have designed various technologies to overcome these issues such as green engineering and technical engineering. The green engineering is mainly used to reduce the consumption of the natural resources. The main advantage of the sustainable manufacturing process and as well as minimizing the production of wastes through non-efficient activities. Paper is one of the examples that are currently being used in the area of municipal waste management. Most of the municipal waste models identified in the literature are decision support models the purpose of these researches divided into 3 categories these are based on

Bio polymers are the most plentiful polymers on earth in the sequence of similarities cellulose, lignin, proteins and DNA. They have the active functions in the living systems and green plants. Bio polymers provide to conversion of solar energy to biochemical energy. The chemical energy establishes in organic solids or liquid fuels. The flow of electrons eventually creates a proton gradient, which is the basic element of elements. Present day electrochemical energy storage systems are not fully scalable and are expensive. Hence, breakthroughs in the storage of electricity would enable an accelerated use of renewable electricity in electrical power grids, vehicles and in mobile electronics when far away from the grid system.

Future scope of Biopolymers and plastics which demand on the manufacturing for new materials which is overwhelming. The resources will be cultivated bases of cascade use biomass will be first used for materials, energy generation, reduction of the carbon footprint and saving fossil resources. The main concerns for humans in now days utilize energy and resources, food, health, mobility & infrastructure and communications. Polymers reside an exceptional role during this modern active. It can also have the major impact on places that are far away from the electrical grids by dramatically changing the lifestyles of a large part of the global population who still lack access to electricity. On advanced search materials solutions and keeping an eye on the goal of property production and consumption, bioplastics have many potential benefits.

Biopolymers trends and applications have the information on the market analyses that mainly depend on the biodegradability and sustainability. It includes the breakdown among the vast range of applications on pharmaceutical, packaging, automation etc. In recent it also uses the patent information to display the update on the application area that which it is being operated. Bio-based polymers are obtained from renewable resources like Bio-based polymers are obtained from renewable resources. High-value applications such as electronics which needs a small amount of material but  with very accurate properties, while low-value applications such as packaging automation sustainability.

The main use of 3D printing is to produce components with complex geometries based on computer designs, tooling and manufacturing. This intrinsically limited mechanical properties and functionalities. This 3D printing gives many advantages in fabrication of composites, high precision, cost effective and customized geometry and these are useful to us. Most commonly used ABS filament in 3D printing. ABS is comes from Acrylonitrile, Butadiene and Styrene polymers. Industries mostly used for body work of cars, appliances, and mobile phone cases etc. ABS is used in 3D printing heated between 230ºC and 260ºC it is able to with stand high temperatures and it is a very tough material. Some of the printable thermoplastics made from biological substances have confined packages.

Marine biopolymer-based Nano materials are research areas in recent decades for theranostic applications. These bio polymers used in bio material clinical applications because of they have a good biocompatibility, bio degradability, inexpensiveness, stability, ease of surface modification, and nontoxic nature. Marine organisms established by materials with a massive range of properties and characteristics that may explain their potential applications within the biomedical field. These are assuring for sustainable exploitation of natural marine resources. The use of marine bio polymer-based Nano materials for theranostic applications addressing potential applications in drug delivery and photo thermal therapy etc. Biopolymers such as silk fibroins, collagen, gelatin, albumin, starch, cellulose and chitosan can be easily made for delivery of vehicles and as well as for macro and mini drug molecules.

Biomaterials come from nature and synthesized in laboratory most of the industries using a variety of chemical processes of utilizing metallic components, polymers, ceramics and composite materials. They are used for medical applications. The Synthetics are the various forms of polymers, ceramics and composites. Bio ceramics are nothing but Alumina, Bio glass, Zirconia are used in dental, surgery, drug delivery, and orthopaedic cardiac implant fields. But metals can be leads to wear resistance, corrosion, surface coating and modification of metals are essential for medical applications. The ability of biomaterials to induce a physiological response that is supportive of the biomaterials performance is known as bio activity. Commonly used in glasses and ceramics.

Biomaterials are introduced into a body as medical devices that are used to replace the part or a function of the body in a safe reliable economic and physiologically acceptable manner. Humans most sue in biomedical applications such as artificial ligaments and orthopaedic for joint replacement, cancer therapy bone plates, ophthalmic heart valve dental implements, vascular grafts hip replacements applications. These are fabricated from carbons, metals, elastomers, fabrics, and natural valves must not react with chemicals in body long term replacement must not be biodegradable. These materials are used in Non-medical applications such as grow cells in culture medium, assay of blood proteins in laboratories, etc. physical requirement of this materials is hard and flexible.

Nano Polymer composites expressed of a polymer or copolymer these are having a Nano particles dispersed in into polymer matrix Nanotechnology. It has to make an important addition to the formulation of adhesives, sealants, coatings, and encapsulation of compounds. The applications of Nano polymers are extremely broad these polymer based nanotechnologies are fast emerging into industries Nano polymers have different structures, shapes and functional forms recently prepared several techniques. Bio materials are non-viable materials that can be implemented to replace the missing tissue any material of natural or synthetic origin that comes in contact with biological fluids, and intended for use in diagnostic, therapeutic. Some of the examples of modern bio materials are metals, composites and ceramics. Steel, glass, aluminium,  natural stone, wood used in modern architecture.

Drug delivery systems must and should need unusual materials requirement which derive mainly from their therapeutic role. To administer drugs over extended periods of time at rates that is independent of patient-to-patient variables. The chemical nature of the surfaces such devices may stimulate bio rejection processes which can be enhanced by the simultaneous presence of the drug that is being administered. Choose of materials from such systems is further complicated with the need of compatibility of drug contained within the system. They are often used or adapted for medical applications. Thus comprise whole part of a living structure. Biomaterials 2020 are also used in day to day life for dental applications, surgery, and drug delivery systems. For example impregnated pharmaceutical products can be placed into the body, which permits to extended release of a drug over the extended period of time. The applications of drug delivery system mainly consist of 5 challenges.

• To minimize the influence on delivery rate with the transient biological response that accompanies implantation of any object.
• Selection of composition, size, shape, and flexibility which optimizes biocompatibility.
• Make an intravascular delivery system that will retain long term functioning.
• Make a percutaneous lead for these delivery systems that cannot be implanted by which we can retain functionality thought out extended periods.
• To make biosensors which are adequate of compatibility and stability for the use of ultimate drug delivery system this operates with the help of feedback control.

Green composites are composite materials that are made from the renewable resources based on biopolymers and bio-filler. The development of green composites as a substitute of Non-degradable polymers. A wide variety of biopolymers, including polysaccharides, polyesters and proteins are reported to be used as matrices. Some of the biopolymers feature low mechanical and thermic properties. In most cases additives are used to prepare these green composites and overcome the problems matches the poor biopolymer-filler interaction. Different applications as well as the improved mechanical, thermic and barrier properties of various green composite are also well defined.

A biomaterial is a material which is mainly used to replace the tissue with in a body or a function of a body. The development of bio materials is initiative process in which it involves the creation of material and as well as the replacement for the damaged or diseased human tissues. We currently witness the working of artificial tissues with the macro scale. There are various techniques which are mainly used to describe the biomaterials functionalities. In recent years there are several computer aided methods for processing biomaterials have been developed. These techniques are mainly useful in the field of tissue engineering and as well as in the small scale medical device.

Rheology is the science that explains flow behaviour of materials, whether in a solid or liquid state, under the application of a stress or deformation to obtain a response to an applied force. Rheology has some wide applications that include food, textiles, personal care products   pharmaceuticals, and polymers, among others. In polymers, rheology has become an important tool to understand the behaviour of polymers under processing   conditions, and help to design equipment such as injectors, extruders, and other polymer processing equipment. Rheological behaviour is a relevant topic mainly used in bio materials because of its high theoretical and experimental complexity.